From Streets to Screens: How Social Media Shapes Activism in Malaysia

Over the past 50 years, Malaysia has witnessed significant political and social changes. Historically, activism in the country involved organized rallies and public demonstrations, crucial for drawing attention to injustices and advocating for change. However, the rise of social media has transformed the landscape, shifting many movements from the streets to digital platforms. This shift has sparked discussions about the effectiveness of online activism, particularly in its potential to subdue mass mobilization and real-world actions.

Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have become central to political discourse in Malaysia. They provide a space for individuals to express opinions, share information and organize events. The accessibility of these platforms allows people across the nation to engage with political issues without the constraints of physical presence. However, while social media empowers activists by facilitating communication and raising awareness, it also plays a role in moderating the intensity of activism.

In Malaysia, the government has leveraged social media for surveillance, making it easier to monitor dissent and identify activists. This has led to a climate where individuals may hesitate to participate in street protests due to fears of reprisal. The ability of authorities to control content, whether through direct intervention or pressure on platform providers, further limits the spread of dissenting messages. Additionally, the prevalence of disinformation and misinformation campaigns can distract from genuine activism, creating confusion and undermining trust in legitimate movements.

The algorithms that govern social media visibility also impact activism. In Malaysia, as elsewhere, these algorithms can prioritize content that is less confrontational or critical of the status quo, thus reducing the reach of more radical or challenging messages. This can lead to a form of digital pacification, where the intensity of activism is subdued and immediate, tangible actions are replaced by online engagement.

The negative impact of social media on activism is significant. It often leads to a false sense of accomplishment, where individuals feel that liking, sharing or commenting equates to meaningful action. This can result in reduced motivation to engage in real-world activities that drive actual change. Furthermore, echo chambers created by algorithms can isolate activists, limiting their exposure to diverse perspectives and hindering the development of broad-based coalitions necessary for impactful movements. In Malaysia, these factors collectively contribute to a landscape where activism is more easily monitored and controlled, ultimately diluting its power to effect substantive change.